When buying a property in Quebec, one document you’ll almost always hear about is the certificate of location. While it may sound technical, it plays an important role in protecting buyers and sellers during a real estate transaction.
What is a Certificate of Location?
A certificate of location is a legal document prepared by a land surveyor. It describes the property in detail and includes:
- A written report explaining the land, building(s), and any restrictions.
- A plan (map) showing the exact boundaries, dimensions, and positioning of the property.
Think of it as a snapshot of the property’s situation at a specific point in time.
Why is it Important?
For buyers, the certificate of location is essential because it confirms what you are actually buying. Here are the main reasons it matters:
- Confirms Boundaries
It shows where the property lines are, so you know exactly what land belongs to you. This prevents future disputes with neighbors over fences, driveways, or sheds. - Checks for Compliance
The document indicates whether the property follows municipal bylaws, zoning rules, and provincial laws. For example, it can reveal if a deck or extension was built too close to the property line. - Reveals Easements or Rights of Way
Sometimes utility companies, cities, or neighbors have rights on part of the land (like a shared driveway or underground cables). The certificate makes these clear, so you’re not surprised later. - Required for Financing
Banks and notaries usually need an up-to-date certificate before approving a mortgage or finalizing the sale. Without it, the transaction can be delayed.
Who Provides It?
In most cases, the seller provides a valid certificate of location. It must reflect the property’s current state. If changes have been made (like adding a pool, garage, or extension), the old certificate may no longer be valid, and the seller may need to order a new one.
How It Protects Buyers
Without this document, you could buy a property only to discover later that:
- Part of the building is built on a neighbor’s land.
- The city has restrictions preventing you from expanding.
- There are servitudes (legal rights) you didn’t know about.
Having the certificate ensures you know exactly what you’re purchasing no hidden surprises.
The certificate of location is not just paperwork; it’s a buyer’s safeguard. It confirms the property’s boundaries, compliance, and legal rights, giving peace of mind before signing one of the biggest purchases of your life.
